Comparison of thinning and prescribed fire restoration treatments to Sierran mixed-conifer historic conditions

نویسندگان

  • Malcolm North
  • Jim Innes
  • Harold Zald
چکیده

Thinning and prescribed fire are widely used to restore fire-suppressed forests, yet there are few studies of their effectiveness in Sierran mixed-conifer forest. We compared stand conditions in replicated plots before and after a combination of thinning and burning treatments against a reconstruction of the same forest in 1865. The historical forest had 67 stems/ha (trees ‡5 cm DBH), equal percentages of shade-tolerant and -intolerant tree species, stems randomly distributed at the stand scale, and a flat diameter distribution across size classes. The pretreatment forest averaged 469 stems/ha, which comprised 84% shade-tolerant and 14% shade-intolerant species, were highly clustered, and had a reverse-J-shaped diameter distribution. Thinning treatments failed to approximate historical composition, spatial pattern, or diameter distribution. Treatments left too many small trees, removed too many intermediate-sized trees (50–75 cm DBH), and retained a reverse-J-shaped diameter distribution. Current old growth comprises fewer large trees than historical conditions, suggesting that treatments should retain more intermediate-sized trees to provide for future large-tree recruitment. Understory thinning with prescribed fire significantly reduced stem density and produced a spatial pattern closest to historical conditions. Mixed-conifer restoration needs thinning prescriptions that vary by species and flexible rather than rigid upper diameter limits to retain some trees in all size classes. Résumé : L’éclaircie et le brûlage dirigé sont largement utilisés pour restaurer les forêts protégées contre les feux mais il y a peu d’études qui portent sur l’efficacité de ces pratiques dans la forêt mixte de conifères de la Sierra. Nous avons comparé les peuplements dans des places-échantillons répétées avant et après une combinaison de traitements d’éclaircie et de brûlage avec une reconstitution de la forêt de 1865. La forêt ancienne avait 67 tiges/ha (arbres avec un DHP ‡5 cm), un pourcentage égal d’essences tolérantes et intolérantes à l’ombre, des tiges distribuées au hasard à l’échelle du peuplement et une distribution horizontale des diamètres parmi les classes de dimension. Avant le traitement, il y avait en moyenne 469 tiges/ha, 84 % tolérantes et 14 % intolérantes à l’ombre, fortement regroupées et une distribution des diamètres en forme de J inversé. Les traitements d’éclaircie n’ont pas réussi à rétablir la composition, la distribution spatiale ou la distribution des diamètres de la forêt ancienne. Les traitements ont laissé trop de petites tiges, éliminé trop de tiges de dimension intermédiaire (50–70 cm au DHP) et maintenu une distribution des diamètres en forme de J inversé. La vieille forêt actuelle contient moins de gros arbres que dans le passé indiquant que les traitements devraient conserver plus d’arbres de dimension intermédiaire pour assurer le recrutement futur de gros arbres. L’éclaircie en sous-étage accompagnée du brûlage dirigé a significativement réduit la densité des tiges et produit une configuration spatiale qui se rapproche le plus de celle de la forêt ancienne. La restauration des forêts mixtes de conifères requiert des prescriptions d’éclaircie qui varient selon l’espèce et qui sont flexibles plutôt que des limites supérieures de diamètre rigides pour conserver des arbres dans toutes les classes de dimension. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2007